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English settlers began arriving in what is now Fairfax County in the early 1600s. Named after Thomas, the sixth Lord Fairfax, Fairfax County was officially established in 1742. Forests were cleared for farmland, and later, mills and other forms of industry were introduced. The town of Fairfax Station was settled by Irish immigrants in the 1850s and played an important role in local history. American Red Cross founder Clara Barton cared for wounded Civil War soldiers at the Fairfax Station train depot. The county was caught between sides during the war, with rebel troops located in the west and Union troops positioned in the north and east. At the end of the war, Fairfax Station became the primary railroad station serving the city of Fairfax. Early industries such as farming, lumber and crushed firestone helped the small postal village of Clifton grow in the late 1800s. It was finally incorporated in 1902.
Today Fairfax County thrives on technology-driven industries, such as aerospace, defense and intelligence systems, software development, telecommunications and the life sciences. Many Fairfax Station and Clifton residents commute to work in the Washington, D.C. area. Several popular cultural attractions are located in Fairfax County. A replica of Fairfax Station, housed in a beautifully-renovated Victorian-style structure, serves as a museum dedicated to local railroading and Civil War memorabilia. The Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts in nearby Vienna is the first national park of its kind. The park is home to both the open-air Filene Center and the Barns indoor theaters, which are located within two restored 18th century barns. George Mason University's Center for the Arts and Patriot Center in Fairfax host a wide variety of musical and entertainment acts.
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